Introduction
The HIV-1/2 Antibody ELISA Kit is a qualitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay designed for the detection of antibodies against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Type 2 (HIV-1/2) in human serum. This diagnostic tool provides high sensitivity and specificity, aiding in the accurate identification of HIV infections.
Clinical Significance
HIV-1 and HIV-2 are retroviruses that cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition that severely weakens the immune system, making individuals vulnerable to opportunistic infections. Early and accurate detection of HIV antibodies is essential for initiating timely treatment and preventing transmission. This ELISA kit is used in blood banks, clinical laboratories, and healthcare facilities to screen and confirm HIV exposure, enabling prompt medical intervention and counseling.
ELISA kit is intended for the in vitro qualitative detection of HIV-1/2 antibodies in human serum samples. It is an essential tool in blood donor screening, epidemiological surveys, and clinical diagnostics.
Test Principle
The assay is based on an indirect ELISA principle. HIV-1 and HIV-2 recombinant antigens are pre-coated onto the wells of a microplate. When the sample is added, HIV-1/2 antibodies, if present, bind to the immobilized antigens. Unbound materials are washed away, followed by the addition of enzyme-conjugated secondary antibodies that specifically recognize human immunoglobulins. After a second incubation and washing step, a chromogenic substrate is added. The reaction produces a color change, the intensity of which is proportional to the concentration of HIV-1/2 antibodies in the sample. The optical density (OD) is measured using a microplate reader to determine positive or negative results.
References
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). HIV Testing. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/index.html
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids
- (2022). Global HIV & AIDS statistics. Retrieved from https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet